?????????? ?? ? ????? ?? iCard, ??? ? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? iCard. ??? ????????? ???-?????? ????????????, ????????? ? ??????????? ? ????? ?????????, ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????.

In the situation of hardware-based mostly items, the buying power resides in a personal Actual physical unit, such as a chip card, with hardware-primarily based safety features. financial values are usually transferred by means of product audience that don't require true-time community connectivity